Description: Slide 1: Fundamentals of Thermodynamics
Slide 2: Work is the energy transfer associated with a force acting through a distance.
Slide 3: P1= 10 kPa

Slide 4: Moving boundary Work/ Thermal Work
Slide 5: Polytropic Process
Slide 6: ENERGY BALANCE FOR CLOSED SYSTEMS
Slide 7: Specific Heat
Slide 8: For an ideal gas at constant pressure, it takes more heat to achieve the same temperature
Slide 9: Enthalpy which is defined to be the sum of the
Slide 10: Heat capacity ratio
Slide 11: Chapter 7

Slide 12: Second Law of Thermodynamics
Slide 13: Second Law of Thermodynamics
Slide 14: These devices operate in a mechanical cycle but not in a thermodynamic cycle since the working
Slide 15: An external-combustion engine
Slide 16: The fraction of the heat input that is converted to net work output is a measure of the
Slide 17: The amount of heat supplied to the gas is greater than the work done since part of the
Slide 18: The Clausius statement

Slide 19: The  transfer of heat from a low-temperature medium to a high-temperature one requires
Slide 20: Second Law of Thermodynamics
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Slide 23: Entropy
Slide 24: With entropy of a closed system naturally increasing, this means
Slide 25: The change in entropy is given by
Slide 26: As we know that Work done by or on a system
Slide 27: Entropy Change of an Incompressible Substance
Slide 28: If Specific heat is Function of Temperature
Slide 29: Thermal process on T-s and p-v diagrams
Slide 30: Isentropic process is an idealized  process that is both adiabatic and reversible.
Slide 31: A reversible process is defined as a process that can be reversed with­out leaving any
Slide 32: A process can be reversible only when its
Slide 33: Irreversibilities
Slide 34: Carnot Cycle and Internal Combustion Engines

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Slide 36: On a P­V diagram the area under the process curve represents the
Slide 37: Carnot Heat Engine
Slide 38: Why Carnot Cycle is ideal
Slide 39: The hypothetical heat engine that operates on the reversible Carnot
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Slide 41: Energy has quality as well as quantity.
Slide 42: Internal Combustion Engines
Slide 43: Bore: The bore of the cylinder is its diameter.

Slide 44: In a four-stroke internal combustion engine, the piston executes four distinct strokes
Slide 45: Air-Standard Otto Cycle
Slide 46: On T-s diagram , Area 2–3–a–b–2 represents heat added per unit of mass and area 1–
Slide 47: Efficiency of Air-Standard Otto Cycle
Slide 48: It is advantageous for internal combustion engines to have high compression ratios

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Slide 50: ADVANTAGES OF 4 STROKE ENGINE :-

Slide 51: ADVANTAGES OF 2 STROKE ENGINE :-

Slide 52: Air-Standard Diesel Cycle
Slide 53: Process 1 to 2 is isentropic compression of the
Slide 54: Air-Standard Diesel Cycle
Slide 55: Efficiency of Air-Standard Diesel Cycle
Slide 56: Combustion is smooth and well propagating in
Slide 57: [No Text Found]
Slide 58: Gas turbines are one of the most widely-used power generating technologies.

Slide 59: The open Cycle GT: This is an engine in which
Slide 60: Work done by Turbine=

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